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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">redis 五大数据类型及常用命令</h1>
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<h3 id="1、redis-五大数据类型"><a href="#1、redis-五大数据类型" class="headerlink" title="1、redis 五大数据类型"></a>1、redis 五大数据类型</h3><ul>
<li><p>String（字符串）</p>
<ul>
<li>string 类型是 redis 最基本的数据类型。string 类型是二进制安全的，意思是 redis 的 string 可以包含任何数据，比如 Jpg 图片或者序列化对象。一个 redis 中字符串 value 最多可以是 512M</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Hash（哈希，类似 java 里面的 map）</p>
<ul>
<li>redis hash 是一个键值对集合，是一个 string 类型的 field 和 value 的映射表，hash 特别适合用于存储对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>List（列表）</p>
<ul>
<li>redis 列表是简单的字符串列表，按照插入顺序排序，你可以添加一个元素到列表的头部（左边）或者尾部（右边）它的底层实际是个链表</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Set（集合）</p>
<ul>
<li>redis 的 set 是 string 类型的无序集合</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Zset（sorted set 有序的集合）</p>
<ul>
<li>redis zset 和 set 一样也是 string 类型元素的集合，且里面元素不允许重复。不同的是每个元素都会关联一个 double 类型的分数。redis 正是通过分数来为集合中的成员进行从小到大的排序。zset 的成员是唯一的，但分数却可以重复。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2、redis-命令文档"><a href="#2、redis-命令文档" class="headerlink" title="2、redis 命令文档"></a>2、redis 命令文档</h3><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://redisdoc.com/">redisdoc.com/</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3、redis键（key）"><a href="#3、redis键（key）" class="headerlink" title="3、redis键（key）"></a>3、redis键（key）</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1、keys *    查看当前库中所有的 key</span><br><span class="line">2、exists keyname     判断某个 key 是否存在</span><br><span class="line">3、move keyname dbnum      把当前库中的 keyname 这个 key 移动到 dbnum 这个库里面</span><br><span class="line">4、expire keyname 秒钟      为给定的 key 设置过期时间</span><br><span class="line">5、ttl keyname         查看还有多少秒过期，-1 表示永不过期    -2 表示已过期</span><br><span class="line">6、type keyname         查看你的 key 是什么类型</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="4、-redis-字符串（String）"><a href="#4、-redis-字符串（String）" class="headerlink" title="4、 redis 字符串（String）"></a>4、 redis 字符串（String）</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">set k1 v1      设置 key 为 k1 值为 v1</span><br><span class="line">get k1        获取 k1 的值</span><br><span class="line">del k1        删除 k1</span><br><span class="line">append k1 abc       在 k1 的值后面追加 abc(得到的结果就是 v1abc)</span><br><span class="line">strlen k1          返回 k1 值的长度</span><br><span class="line">incr k1           假设 k1 的值是 2，那么你执行这个命令就会把 k1 的值递增 1，再执行一次再递增 1</span><br><span class="line">decr k1            执行这个命令会把 k1 的值递减 1</span><br><span class="line">incrby k1 3         执行这个命令会把 k1 的值递增 3，执行一次递增 3</span><br><span class="line">decrby k1 3         执行这个命令会把 k1 的值递减 3，执行一次递减 3</span><br><span class="line">getrange k1 0 3      范围内取值，假设我现在 k1 的值为 14abc，执行命令后的结果就是 14ab</span><br><span class="line">setrange k1 1 mm     范围内设值，假设我现在 k1 的值为 14abc，执行命令后的结果就是 1mmbc</span><br><span class="line">setex k4 10 v4       设置 k4 的值为 v4并且过期时间为 10 秒</span><br><span class="line">mset k1 v1 k2 v2      同时设置多个key 和 value ，体现到 java 代码中就是你直接把 map 的key-value往redis 塞就可以了</span><br><span class="line">mget k1 k2           同时获取多个 value 值</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="5、redis-列表（List）"><a href="#5、redis-列表（List）" class="headerlink" title="5、redis 列表（List）"></a>5、redis 列表（List）</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lpush list01 1 2 3 4 5       设置 key 为 list01 value 为一个集合，值为 1 2 3 4 5</span><br><span class="line">lrange list01 0 -1           返回 list01 中所有的值,结果为 5 4 3 2 1</span><br><span class="line">rpush list02 1 2 3 4 5         设置 key 为 list01 value 为一个集合，值为 1 2 3 4 5</span><br><span class="line">lrange list02 0 -1           返回 list02 中所有的值,结果为 1 2 3 4 5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="Ipush-和-rpush-区别："><a href="#Ipush-和-rpush-区别：" class="headerlink" title="Ipush 和 rpush 区别："></a>Ipush 和 rpush 区别：</h3><blockquote>
<p>lpush 设置一个集合，使用 lrange 返回集合中的元素是逆序输出的<br>rpush 设置一个集合，使用 lrange 返回集合中的元素是顺序输出，怎么设置怎么出来</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">现在假设我已经执行了两条命令：</span><br><span class="line">lpush list01 1 2 3 4 5 </span><br><span class="line">rpush list02 1 2 3 4 5 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">其次 pop 是出栈的命令，lpop 表示从左边出栈，rpop 表示从右边出栈(一次只出栈一个)</span><br><span class="line">lpop list01   结果是 5 出去了(因为你 lrange list01 0 -1 结果 5 是在栈顶所以先出去的是 5)</span><br><span class="line">lpop list02   结果是 1 出去了(因为你 lrange list02 0 -1 结果 1 是在栈顶所以先出去的是 1)</span><br><span class="line">rpop list01   结果是 1 出去了(从右边出栈，所以栈底的先出去)</span><br><span class="line">rpop list02   结果是 5 出去了(从右边出栈，所以栈底的先出去)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">lindex list01 3  按照索引下标获得元素(这个就是获取 key 为 list01 的 value 值中下标为 3 的元素)</span><br><span class="line">llen list01      返回 list01 中元素的个数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">假设我现在先执行了命令：</span><br><span class="line">rpush list01 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5</span><br><span class="line">lrem list01 3 4     删除 key 为 list01 的 value 值，具体是删除 3 个 4</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">假设我先执行了命令：</span><br><span class="line">lpush list01 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><br><span class="line">ltrim list01 1 3      截取指定范围的 key 再赋值给 key(这里就是截取 list01 的 value 值，从下标 1 开始截取，到下标 3 结束，然后再把截取的结果赋值给 list01)所以结果为 5 4 3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">假设我先执行了命令：</span><br><span class="line">lpush list01 1 2 3 4</span><br><span class="line">lpush list02 5 6 7 8</span><br><span class="line">lrange list01 0 -1      结果就是 4 3 2 1</span><br><span class="line">lrange list02 0 -1      结果就是 8 7 6 5</span><br><span class="line">其次要知道 pop 是出栈，push 是进栈</span><br><span class="line"> RPOPLPUSH lis01 list02     意思就是 list01 从右边出栈一个，进栈到 list02 中</span><br><span class="line"> lrange list02 0 -1     结果就是 1 8 7 6 5</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> 『lset key index value命令』：</span><br><span class="line"> 假设执行命令：</span><br><span class="line"> lrange list01 0 -1    结果是  4 3 2 1</span><br><span class="line">lset list01 2 x     这个就是把下边为 2 的 value 值设置为了 x</span><br><span class="line">lrange list01 0 -1     结果是 4 3 x 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 『linsert key before&#x2F;after value1 value2 命令』：</span><br><span class="line"> 假设执行命令：</span><br><span class="line"> lrange list01 0 -1    结果是  4 3 2 1</span><br><span class="line"> linsert list01 before 3 linux   意思就是往 key 为 list01 的集合中插入值，在 value 值为 3 之前插入一个值是 linux</span><br><span class="line">  lrange list01 0 -1    结果是 4 linux 3 2 1</span><br><span class="line">  linsert list01 after 2 windows   意思就是往 key 为 list01 的集合中插入值，在 value 值为 2 之后插入一个值是 windows</span><br><span class="line">lrange list01 0 -1    结果是 4 linux 3 2 windows 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="关于-List-总结："><a href="#关于-List-总结：" class="headerlink" title="关于 List 总结："></a>关于 List 总结：</h3><blockquote>
<p>1、它是一个字符串链表，left 和 right 都可以插入、添加<br>2、如果键不存在，创建新的链表<br>3、如果键已存在，新增内容<br>4、如果值全移除，对应的键也就消失了<br>5、链表的操作无论是头和尾效率都极高，但假如是对中间元素进行操作，效率就很惨淡了</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="6、-redis-集合（Set）"><a href="#6、-redis-集合（Set）" class="headerlink" title="6、 redis 集合（Set）"></a>6、 redis 集合（Set）</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sadd set01 1 1 2 2 3 3     往 set 集合里面插入数据，key 是 set01 ，因为 set 里面不允许重复所以你插入重复的数据，会被覆盖掉。所以 value 就是 1 2 3 三个值</span><br><span class="line">smembers set01         返回 key 为 set01 集合的 value 值(结果是 1 2 3)</span><br><span class="line">sismember set01 2      返回 key 为 set01 的集合中是否包含元素 2，包含返回 1 ，不包含返回 0</span><br><span class="line">scard set01            获取集合中元素的个数</span><br><span class="line">--------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『srem key value』 命令     删除集合中的元素</span><br><span class="line">srem set01 2           这个就是把 set01 集合中的元素 2 给删除</span><br><span class="line">smembers set01       结果就是 1 和 3 ，元素 2 已经被删除了</span><br><span class="line">----------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『srandmember key 整数』命令     随机返回几个整数</span><br><span class="line">sadd list02 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><br><span class="line">srandmember list02 3        这样就会从集合 list02 中随机返回 3 个整数</span><br><span class="line">----------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『spop key』 命令        随机出栈集合中的元素</span><br><span class="line">spop set02          会把 set02 中的元素随机出栈一个</span><br><span class="line">-----------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『smove key1 key2 key1里面的某个元素』命令      把 key1 中某个元素移动到 key2 中</span><br><span class="line">sadd set01 1 2 3 4 5</span><br><span class="line">sadd set02 x y z </span><br><span class="line">smove set01 set02 3        这样就把 set01 中的元素 3 移动到了 set02 中</span><br><span class="line">smembers set02          结果就是 y 3 x z</span><br><span class="line">-------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『sdiff key1 key2』命令      两个集合取差集，结果是返回第一个集合中有的元素，而第二个集合中没有的元素</span><br><span class="line">sadd set01 1 2 3 4 5</span><br><span class="line">sadd set01 1 2 3 a b</span><br><span class="line">sdiff set01 set02        结果就是 4 5</span><br><span class="line">『sinter key1 key2』命令     两个集合取交集</span><br><span class="line">sinter set01 set02          结果是 1 2 3</span><br><span class="line">『sunion key1 key2』命令     两个集合取并集</span><br><span class="line">sunion set01 set02          结果是 1 2 3 4 5 a b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="7、-redis-哈希（Hash）"><a href="#7、-redis-哈希（Hash）" class="headerlink" title="7、 redis 哈希（Hash）"></a>7、 redis 哈希（Hash）</h3><blockquote>
<p>关于哈希可以概括为：KV 模式不变，但 V 是一个键值对</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hset user id 1         这里的 key 是 user 但是 value 又是一个键值对(key 为 id，value 是 1)</span><br><span class="line">hset user name xy</span><br><span class="line">hget user id            返回 1</span><br><span class="line">hget user name          返回 xy</span><br><span class="line">------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">hmset customer id 1 name zs age 18          可以一次性设置多个 key 和 value</span><br><span class="line">hmget customer id name age           结果就是 1 zs 18</span><br><span class="line">hgetall customer       一次性获取所有，返回 id 1 name zs age 18</span><br><span class="line">-------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">hdel customer name    把 name 这个 key 给删除</span><br><span class="line">hgetall customer       返回 id 1 age 18</span><br><span class="line">-----------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">hlen customer        查询 key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中 key 的个数(结果是 2)</span><br><span class="line">---------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">hexists customer id      判断 key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中是否存在 key 是 id 的，返回 1 表示存在，0 表示不存在</span><br><span class="line">--------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line"> hkeys customer    查看 key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中所有的 key (结果是 id age)</span><br><span class="line">hvals customer     查看 key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中所有的 value (结果是 1 18)</span><br><span class="line">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">hincrby customer age 2     key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中 key 为 age 的 value 值递增 2</span><br><span class="line">hset customer score 2.5</span><br><span class="line">hincrbyfloat customer score 0.5 key 是 customer 这个哈希的 value 值中 key 为 age 的 value 值递增 0.5  (结果就是 3)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="8、redis-有序集合-Zset（sorted-set）"><a href="#8、redis-有序集合-Zset（sorted-set）" class="headerlink" title="8、redis 有序集合 Zset（sorted set）"></a>8、redis 有序集合 Zset（sorted set）</h3><blockquote>
<p>Zset 其实就是在 set 基础上加了一个 score 值。之前 set 是 k1 v1 v2 v3 ，那么现在 zset 是 k1 score1 v1 score2 v2，相当于它的 value 值又是一个 k-v 键值对</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">zadd zset01 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 100 v5     向 zset 中插入数据，key 是 zset01 value 值又是一个 k-v 键值对,其中 key 是 score 值</span><br><span class="line">zrange zset01 0 -1    显示 zset 中的元素(结果为 v1 v2 v3 v4 v5)</span><br><span class="line">zrange zset01 0 -1 withscores  显示 zset 中的元素，连同 score 一起显示出来(结果为v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 100 v5)</span><br><span class="line">------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">『zrangebyscore key 开始score 结束score』命令</span><br><span class="line">zrangebyscore zset01 60 80        返回 score 值在 60 到 80 之间的(结果就是 v1 v2 v3)</span><br><span class="line">zrangebyscore zset01 （60 （80      &quot;(&quot;  表示不包含(结果是 v2)</span><br><span class="line">zrangebyscore zset01 60 90 limit 2 2   在返回结果上进行筛选，从下标为 2 的元素开始取，取 2 个(结果是 v3 v4)</span><br><span class="line">-------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">zrem zset01 v5   删除元素</span><br><span class="line">--------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">zcard zset01    返回元素个数，返回 4(因为上面删除了一个)</span><br><span class="line">---------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">zcount zset01 60 80      统计 key 为 zset01 score 值在 60-80之间的个数(结果返回 3)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


                
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